After the first two decades, where the focus on independence relegated education to a secondary role, the upward course that had characterized the intellectual activity of the preceding century continued undiminished.
Of great importance were the cultural societies, which began to spring up throughout the occupied lands, while the foundation of the University in liberated Athens, where many Macedonians went to study, proved definitive for the intellectual life of northern Greece, as well as for the unity of modern Hellenism, since closer relations were developing between the two regions and educational institutions were becoming more alike.
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