| Period | THE BYZANTINE EMPERORS |
| 324-337 | Constantine I the Great |
| 337-361 | Constantine II |
| 337-340 | Constantine II (co-emperor) |
| 337-350 | Constas (co-emperor) |
| 361-363 | Julian |
| 363-364 | Jovian |
| 364-378 | Valens |
| 379-395 | Theodosios I the Great |
| 395-408 | Arcadios |
| 408-450 | Ôheodosios II, Mikros (the Lesser) |
| 450-453 | Pulcheria |
| 450-457 | Marcian |
| 457-474 | Leo I, the Thracian |
| 474 | Leo II |
| 474-475 | Zeno (first reign) |
| 475-476 | Basiliskos |
| 476-491 | Zeno (second reign) |
| 491-518 | Anastasios I, Dikoros |
| 518-527 | Justin I |
| 527-565 | Justinian I |
| 565-578 | Justin II |
| 578-582 | Tiberius II |
| 582-602 | Maurice |
| 602-610 | Phokas |
| 610-641 | Herakleios |
| 641 | Constantine III |
| 641 | Heraklonas (Herakeleios II) |
| 641-668 | Constas II (Herakleios III Constantine) |
| 668-685 | Constantine IV, Pogonatos |
| 685-695 | Justinian II, Rhinotmetos (first reign) |
| 695-698 | Leontios |
| 698-705 | Tiberius III |
| 705-711 | Justinian II, Rhinotmetos (second reign) |
| 711-713 | Philippikos (Bardanes) |
| 713-715 | Anastasios II (Artemios) |
| 715-717 | Theodosios III |
| 717-741 | Leo III (Konon) Isauros |
| 741-775 | Constantine V, Copronymus |
| 775-780 | Leo IV, the Chazar |
| 780-797 | Constantine VI |
| 797-802 | Irene, the Athenian |
| 802-811 | Íikephoros I |
| 811 | Stavrakios |
| 811-813 | Michael I, Rangaves |
| 813-820 | Leo V, the Armenian |
| 820-829 | Michael II, Travlos (the Stammerer) |
| 829-842 | Theophilos |
| 842-867 | Michael III, Methysos (the Drunkard) |
| 867-886 | Basil I, the Macedonian |
| 886-912 | Leo VI, Sophos (the Wise) |
| 912-913 | Alexander |
| 913-959 | Constantine VII, Porphyrogenitus |
| 920-944 | Romanos I, Lekapenos (co-emperor) |
| 959-963 | Romanos II |
| 963-969 | Nikephoros II Phokas |
| 969-976 | John I Tzimiskes |
| 976-1025 | Basil II, Bulgaroktonos (the Bulgar Slayer) |
| 1025-1028 | Constantine VIII |
| 1028-1034 | Romanos III, Argyros |
| 1034-1041 | Michael IV, the Paphlagonian |
| 1041-1042 | Michael V, Kalaphates |
| 1042 | Zoe and Theodora (first reign) |
| 1042-1055 | Constantine IX, Monomachos |
| 1055-1056 | Theodora (second reign) |
| 1056-1057 | Michael VI, Stratiotikos |
| 1057-1059 | Isaac I Komnenos |
| 1059-1067 | Constantine X Doukas |
| 1067-1068 | Åudokia, Makrembolitissa |
| 1068-1071 | Romanos IV, Diogenes |
| 1071-1078 | Ìichael VII Doukas |
| 1078-1081 | Nikephoros III Botaneiates |
| 1081-1118 | Alexios I Komnenos |
| 1118-1143 | John II Komnenos |
| 1143-1180 | Manuel I Komnenos |
| 1180-1183 | Alexios II Komnenos |
| 1183-1185 | Andronikos I Komnenos |
| 1185-1195 | Isaac II Angelos (first reign) |
| 1195-1203 | Alexios III Angelos |
| 1203-1204 | Isaac II (second reign) and Alexios IV Angelos |
| 1204 | Alexios V Doukas, Mourtzouphlos |
| 1204 | Constantine XI Laskares (in Nicaea) |
| 1204-1222 | Theodore I Laskares (in Nicaea) |
| 1222-1254 | John III Doukas Vatatzes Laskares (in Nicaea) |
| 1254-1258 | Theodore II Laskares (in Nicaea) |
| 1258-1261 | John IV Laskares (in Nicaea) |
| 1259-1261 | Michael VIII Palaeologos (co-emperor in Nicaea) |
| 1261-1282 | Michael VIII Palaeologos (in Constantinople) |
| 1282-1328 | Andronikos II Palaeologos |
| 1294-1320 | Michael IX Palaeologos (co-emperor) |
| 1328-1341 | Andronikos III Palaeologos |
| 1341-1391 | John V Palaeologos |
| 1347-1354 | John I Kantakouzenos (co-emperor) |
| 1376-1379 | Andronikos IV Palaeologos (co-emperor) |
| 1390 | John VII Palaeologos (co-emperor) |
| 1391-1425 | Manuel II Palaeologos |
| 1425-1448 | John VIII Palaeologos |
| 1449-1453 | Constantine XI (XII), Dragasis |
